HW Application Engineering
Retimer? What is this?
A USB3 / USB4 retimer is a specialized chip used in high-speed USB connections to maintain signal integrity and ensure reliable data transmission over longer distances or through complex system layouts.
Why is a Retimer Needed?
- USB3 and USB4 operate at very high speeds (up to 40 Gbps for USB4).
- As signals travel through long cables, connectors, or circuit boards, they weaken and degrade due to electrical noise and interference.
- A retimer cleans, amplifies, and reshapes the signal to ensure error-free data transmission.
Where is it Used?
- Laptops, desktops, and servers – to support high-speed USB ports.
- Docking stations and hubs – to extend USB connections while maintaining performance.
- External GPUs (eGPU) and high-speed storage devices – where USB4’s full speed is crucial.
Difference Between Redriver & Retimer
- Redriver: A simpler signal booster that amplifies but doesn’t correct errors.
- Retimer: More advanced – it reconstructs the signal using clock recovery and error correction, making it essential for USB4 and long cable connections.
Why Should HR or Product Managers Care?
- If hiring for hardware engineering roles, candidates with experience in signal integrity and retimers are valuable.
- For product managers, understanding retimers helps in designing and marketing high-performance USB devices.
- Retimers reduce customer complaints about poor USB performance, boosting product reliability.
Application case
The following illustration represents the boundary conditions for USB4 in a mid-segment 15-inch laptop. The different circles provide an estimate of USB4 v1 trace lengths based on various materials. Achieving high-quality signal integrity over these distances is challenging without amplification. However, traditional amplifiers (re-drivers) are not a viable solution for USB4 due to jitter-related issues.